A fiberoptic sensor for tissue carbon dioxide monitoring

We present a new fiberoptic carbon dioxide sensor for transcutaneous and mucosa (indwelling) blood gas monitoring. The sensor is based on optical fluorescence of molecules sensitive to pH changes associated with dissolved CO₂. A three layer chemical coating was dip-coated onto the distal tip of an optical fiber (600μm core radius). It contained the 50mg/ml `polym H7´, a coating polymer bonded to a fluorescence indicator dye, along with 125mg/ml of the transfer agent tetraoctylammonium hydroxide (TONOH). Light from a blue (460 nm) LED was launched into the fiber to excite the sensing film. The sensing film fluoresced green (530 nm), the intensity of which decreased in the presence of CO₂. The sensor was tested in vitro, finding a correlation between change in fluorescence (in AU) and aqueous CO₂ concentration with a minimum detection threshold of 40%. The sensor is being developed for medical applications where its small size and ability to continuously monitor the partial pressure of CO₂ (PCO₂) will make it an extremely useful diagnostic tool.