Graphene on SOI phase modulation

In this paper we report an integrated phase modulator based on two layers of graphene on top of a SOI waveguide. Biasing the graphene to the transparency condition we show that is possible to achieve phase modulation with promising performance in terms of efficiency and insertion losses with respect to the conventional pn junction silicon phase modulators. The proposed device exhibits an efficiency loss figure of merit as high as 2dBV.