Simulations of scattering matrix and coherency matrix for Pol-SAR applications of soil and vegetated surfaces using 3-D numerical solutions of Maxwell equation (NMM3D)

Scattering matrices (S_VV, S_HH, S_VH, S_HV) are calculated from numerical 3D solutions of Maxwell equations (NMM3D). Using the simulated scattering matrices, we compute the polarimetric speckle and the coherency matrix for Pol-SAR applications. Results from NMM3D are examined by the comparison with theoretical distributions, including amplitude, phase difference, and amplitude ratio. Surface roughness dependence with entropy, anisotropy, and alpha angle from the ensemble average of coherency matrix is also studied. In this paper, we calculate polarimetric statistics of rough surface at C-band (5.4GHz) with 40 degree incidence. In addition, we study complete polarimetry of vegetated surface using distorted born approximation with surface scattering from NMM3D. Numerical Maxwell Method in 3D (NMM3D) with near field precondition was applied.