Source authentication schemes for reprogramming with variable packet size in wireless sensor networks

Reprogramming in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is a procedure of disseminating a new code image and changing the old image into the new one without manual intervention. It can be used for updating programs, fixing faults, and changing network functionality. Since WSNs are mostly deployed in unattended and hostile environments, secure reprogramming schemes aiming at authenticity and integrity are essential. In this paper, we present three secure and efficient source authentication schemes for reprogramming with per-hop variable packet size. Unlike traditional source authentication schemes such as μTESLA and digital signatures, our schemes provide efficient source authentication for variable-sized packets.