Aging-aware Adaptive Voltage Scaling in 22nm high-K/metal-gate tri-gate CMOS

Aging-aware Adaptive Voltage Scaling (AVS) can eliminate conventional flat voltage guard band typically added to intrinsic chip VCC to account for transistor aging, therefore reducing power consumption throughout the lifetime of the chip. Aging-aware AVS applied to a Tunable Replica Circuit (TRC) built in a 22nm test chip demonstrates a measured power reduction of a maximum of ∼7% at beginning of life and a minimum of ∼2% at end of life.