Site-specific path loss characteristics with directional antenna measurements at 28 GHz in urban street grid environments

The deployment of 5G mobile communications at millimeter-wave frequency bands is currently the subject of intense debate. To help in conducting feasibility, planning and interference analysis studies for the introduction of millimeter-wave frequencies, this paper investigates path loss characteristics with steerable directional antenna measurements at 28 GHz. In particular, we focus on propagation characteristics in urban street (e.g., Manhattan grid style) environments, where radio waves mainly propagate along the streets, while corners act as the source of NLOS obstructions. When TX and RX were in the same street, establishing an LOS link, near free-space path loss behaviors were observed. In NLOS situations, the measurement data were consistent with an ITU-R corner-turning model, with parameter adjustments.