Monolithic leaky-mode antenna on the perforated ground plane: Modal characteristics

This paper presents the modal characterizations of the integrated leaky-mode antenna on the perforated ground plane. The numerical method based on the 2M-port ABCD matrix is reported to extract the complex propagation constants of the leaky-mode antenna. The measured results based on the on-wafer experiments validate the feasibility of the proposed numerical method. The impacts of the perforated ground on the modal characteristics of the leaky-mode antenna are theoretically investigated. The extracted results show that the perforated ground plane generates a new electromagnetic leakage in a certain frequency band above leaky-mode region. The field plots indicate that the electromagnetic energy penetrates into the silicon substrate though the perforated ground plane.