Propagation of electromagnetic waves radiated by an implanted antenna

Influence of electromagnetic parameters of biological medium on the propagation of electromagnetic waves radiated by an antenna implanted in the human body is under consideration. The problem of refraction on the boundary between the biological medium and the free space is analytically solved taking into account the complex dielectric permittivity of the human body. Modeling the electromagnetic wave propagation through this boundary revealed a high attenuation of the wave radiated by an implanted antenna, which was experimentally observed. The considerable attenuation of the radiated waves is conditioned by the total internal reflection at the interface between the two dielectric layers and by the dielectric loss in the biological tissue. The proposed analytical model was confirmed by the full-wave simulation using SEMCAD X by SPEAG and the experimental validation.