Face detection and landmark localization using Bilayer Tree Structured Model

Although the Tree Structured Model (TSM) is proven effective for face detection, pose estimation and landmark localization, its sluggish runtime makes it unfavorable in practical applications. We propose the Bilayer Tree Structure Model (BTSM) to improve the run-time speed while keeping the performance unchanged or slightly better. The BTSM is composed of two component TSMs, the coarse c-TSM and the refined r-TSM. The c-TSM is trained on low-resolution samples so that it can provide coarse but fast detection, The r-TSM is trained on mid-resolution samples so that it can locate precise part locations. The performance of the BTSM is validated on three benchmark databases, the Multi-PIE, LFPW and AFW, and compared with the latest TSM to demonstrate its efficacy.