Raman spectroscopy study on in-situ monitoring of Cu2ZnSnS4 synthesis

This study investigates the possibility of Raman spectroscopy as an in-situ monitoring tool for the synthesis of the solar cell material Cu₂ZnSnS₄ (CZTS) by annealing a stacked precursor ZnS/Cu₂SnS₃ on a Mo-coated glass substrate. Temperature dependent behaviour of Raman scattering for ZnS and Cu₂SnS₃ is studied. Both phases can still be detected at respectively 450 °C and 550 °C. Annealing of Mo/CTS/ZnS precursor stacks resulted in in-situ observation of kesterite CZTS formation with Raman spectroscopy. This is a step towards in-situ optical process control desired in kesterite fabrication.