Air-Ground Doppler-delay spread spectrum for dense scattering environments

Applications using Air-Ground communications are expected to grow in the future. Low altitude phases of these wireless links are considered sever channels, as they experience huge delay and Doppler spreads, however, they are not yet accurately characterized in the literature. This paper presents an analytic three dimensional Air-Ground Doppler-delay spread spectrum model for dense scattering environments. The analysis is done by revisiting previous work in the literature. Also a Terrain based Doppler-delay spectrum simulator is proposed, where the results are verified using a real Digital Elevation Model (DEM).