Beaconless Geographic Routing Protocol with Adaptive Delay Timer in Wireless Sensor Networks

Even though geographical routing protocol is regarded to energy-efficient and scalable approach in wireless sensor networks, position information through beacon messages should be exchanged prior to forwarding procedure. This is another control overhead when it comes to consider node´s constraints. Thus, recently beacons graphical routing have been proposed to perform data forwarding without information exchange by distance-based delay timer and overhearing technique. However, existing schemes causes additional recurrent and redundant delay in cases of network dynamics or partial network holes in each hop. Specially, if the networks are not uniformly deployed, current schemes cannot be applied. To solve this problem, in this paper, we propose a new fast beaconless protocol, which enables neighbor nodes of a sending node to adjust their delay time depending on whether any node is identified by localized backlearning scheme or not. Also, simulation results are presented and analyzed to prove the decreased end-to-delay delay and increased packet delivery ratio.