Broadband hybrid water antennas

A broadband hybrid water antenna at very high frequency band is presented. The proposed antenna is composed of a seawater monopole and a distilled-water ring antenna. The broadband of this hybrid antenna is caused by the multiple resonances introduced by the hybrid monopole-ring structure. This antenna achieves a wide bandwidth from 52.5MHz to 162.5MHz, indicating over 3.1:1 operating bandwidth, i.e., more than 102% impedance bandwidth around the center frequency of the band. The bandwidth of this water antenna can be also improved by changing the shape of the distilled-water antenna, as much as 129% impendence bandwidth with conical-shaped water antenna has been demonstrated.