Surrounded antenna based on lateral sparse substrate integrated waveguide

A surrounded antenna is proposed based on lateral sparse substrate integrated waveguide (LS-SIW) resonator for modern communication base stations. The resonant mode of the LS-SIW resonator is analyzed first, and then the resonant frequencies of the resonator can be calculated. A microstrip lateral edge is added to introduce high-quality radiation with high coefficient. Finally, a surrounded antenna with omnidirectional radiation is designed based on the discussed LS-SIW resonator with a simple feeding network. The frequency responses and radiation properties of the antenna are simulated. It is demonstrated that the proposed LS-SIW structure is an excellent candidate for compact modern communication base stations.