A loss sensitivity factor method for locating ES in a distribution system with PV units

This paper presented an approach to place single and multiple Energy Storage (ES) units in a distribution network with photovoltaic (PV) units considering energy losses. The approach is based on ALSFmax, which is defined as a difference between the minimum and maximum Loss Sensitivity Factor (LSF) values. The GridLAB-D simulation software is used to model test systems under the study and to validate the proposed method. Results show that the proposed ALSFmax approach can yield lower energy losses and better voltage profiles than other methods: average LSF, centralized ES (i.e. ES is located at the substation) and ES located near the PV units. Some interesting results are also presented in the paper.