An energy acquisition model for an aggregator considering demand responses

An aggregator undertakes multiple tasks in smart distribution network such as energy trading, grouping and providing market access to demand response (DR) resources, coordinating EV charging, efficiently controlling smart appliances of consumers and communicating with the distribution system operator (DSO). In this context, a bi-level linear programming model is established for an aggregator of day-ahead energy acquisition in a smart distribution system with DR into consideration. The outer-level simulates the decision-making process of an aggregator who endeavors to maximize its profit by optimal energy acquisition and flexible energy consumption strategy. The decision-maker of the innerlevel is DSO, who takes the responsibility for the economic dispatch of the distribution system and determines load interruptions systematically. A highly efficient commercial solver CPLEX is utilized in the MATLAB environment to solve the developed model. Finally, a modified IEEE 33-bus distribution system is employed to demonstrate the essential features of the developed model and method.