Dynamic optimal power flow including energy storage with adaptive operation costs

In past few years, the developing technology of energy storage has greatly catalyzed the evolution of energy management in power systems. The availability of storage techniques makes it possible to integrate large-scale energy storages, mitigating supply/demand variation and fluctuations brought by renewables. This paper proposes an optimal power flow (OPF) model considering energy storage with adaptive operation costs to optimize power generation and storage scheduling in multiple time periods. The objective of the proposed model is to minimize the total generation cost of generators and the operation cost of energy storages. The operation cost coefficients of energy storage are auto-adjusted according to state of charge (SOC) and time-of-use (TOU) cost of generators, specifying the dynamic characteristics of energy storage. The effectiveness of the proposed OPF model is validated by the IEEE 14-bus system that in optimal scheduling the operation of energy storage is not only price-sensitive but also responsive to the ramping load change.