A Particle-Based Real-Time CG Rendering of Carbonated Water with Automatic Release of Bubbles

For virtual reality (VR) environment with interactivity, this paper proposes a real-time computer graphics (CG) rendering method, which can represent bubbles released in carbonated water. In the method, two types of bubbles are considered, which are, generated on the liquid surface at the water pouring, and ones generated in a container. The proposed method consists of 1) simulation of bubbles´ behavior and 2) real time rendering. In the first step, we introduce the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method into the simulation of the bubbles´ behavior, which can calculate particles´ movement in the deformable water at relatively low computational cost. Also the SPH method is executed under the parallel computing on a graphics processing unit (GPU). In addition, in this method we propose bubbles generation model using state transition of particles. This model consider that keeping total mass and volume constant. In the second step, we also use the GPU to render CG images in real-time. The proposed method is evaluated by three aspects, reality, real-time and interactivity. By comparing with photographs/movies taken in the real world, we confirm that the proposed method has necessary reality. Also we confirm real-time computation with interactive manipulation. Therefore we conclude that the proposed method can be applied in a VR environment where some glasses/cups filled with poured carbonated water.