A process to simulate GNSS-R delay-Doppler map of tsunami-dominant sea surface

In this paper, a process is presented to simulate Global Navigation Satellite System-Reflectometry (GNSSR) delay-Doppler maps (DDMs) of a tsunami-dominant sea surface. In this method, the bistatic scattering Z-V model, the sea surface mean square slope model of Cox and Munk and the tsunami-induced wind perturbation model are employed. By taking advantage of the first two models, the DDMs of tsunami-free region can be simulated. In order to accomplish the DDM simulation of tsunami-dominant surface, the tsunami-induced wind perturbation model is utilized on top of that. The simulations of the scattering coefficient distribution and the corresponding DDMs of a fixed region of interest before and during the tsunami are exhibited. On the final stage of analysis, by subtracting the simulation results that are free of tsunami from simulations with presence of tsunami, the tsunami-induced variations can be clearly observed. The process is implemented based on the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman tsunami.