Scale-model scattering experiments using 3D printed representations of ocean bottom features

This study examines tank measurements of acoustic backscatter from different scale-model representations of ocean bottom features. The emphasis is on comparing backscatter from a periodic, rippled surface made from machinable blue wax vs. identical surface geometries made using a 3D printer. The dominant features of the echoes obtained over 85 deg of monostatic angles are found to be similar for sufficiently thick prints beyond approximately 25 deg incidence angles. Acoustic backscatter is also presented for a 3D printed representation of an underwater rock outcrop surveyed in Larvik, Norway using an interferometric SAS system.