Metamaterial-based antennas: Engineering designs

The recent research and development of the antennas based on metamaterial structures such as zero-phase-shift line, composite left/right-handed, zero-index, mushroom, and high permittivity periodic structures, are discussed. The selected antennas fabricated onto the print circuit board (PCB) or low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) substrate operating from 900 MHz to 60 GHz are exemplified. The engineering implementations here have shown the evidence that the metamaterials-based antenna technologies are capable of greatly innovating new and powerful antenna designs.