Implementation of an agent based distributed FLISR algorithm using IEC 61850 in active distribution grids

In this paper a novel Fault Location, Isolation, and Service Restoration (FLISR) algorithm based on the Multi-Agent System (MAS) concept is introduced and implemented. This algorithm is designed for active smart distribution grids by leveraging the DG-assisted service restoration functionality. A hierarchical MAS architecture is proposed wherein the agents are configured to support the IEC 61850 Generic Object Oriented Substation Event (GOOSE) protocol to communicate the status changes and the pre-fault current measurements to one another. The proposed Multi-Agent based D-FLISR algorithm is implemented for a distribution network with real characteristics, modeled after the grid managed by A2A Reti Elettriche SpA in Brescia, and tested with the Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS). Results demonstrate successful identification and isolation of the faulty zone. Then the non-faulty zone is re-powered through an alternate path automatically using DG assisted service restoration determined via the current measurements communicated between agents.