A New Privacy-Aware Mutual Authentication Mechanism for Charging-on-the-Move in Online Electric Vehicles

Recently a new concept of online electric vehicle (OLEV) has been introduced in South Korea, where vehicles are propelled through the transmitted energy from the infrastructure installed underneath the road. However, for billing and audit reasons only authentic vehicles with necessary credentials are allowed to charge their batteries and pay the designated amount to the service provider. Moreover, due to the massive budget requirements for such infrastructure, only designated road segments will offer the charging service. As a result, a tradeoff solution to the charging of electric vehicles is needed to both fulfill the charging requirements of the electric vehicles and reduce the upfront costs for the service providers. To obtain electric charge from the charging plates beneath the road, vehicles need to authenticate themselves beforehand for twofold purposes: to bill the vehicles accordingly and to let the revocation authorities revoke the vehicle in case of a dispute. In this paper, we use the core concept of the OLEV and introduce extreme lightweight privacy-aware authentication schemes for charging-on-the-move through the charging plates installed under the road. More precisely we propose two mutual authentication mechanisms between charging plates and the vehicles, a direct authentication and a hash chain-based authentication. In the direct authentication scheme, we leverage multiple pseudonyms for conditional privacy. Vehicles use different pseudonyms every time they use the charging-on-the-move service. Whereas in case of hash chain-based authentication mechanism, the vehicles mutually authenticate with charging plates through service provider. Our proposed authentication mechanisms preserve conditional privacy throughout the protocol and is computationally lightweight than the existing mechanisms.