An intelligent technique for generating equivalent KHN circuits using genetic algorithm

Genetic algorithm applications in analog design circuits play an important role with promising results. This paper introduces the GA methodology and employs KHN circuit as an application. It is an intelligent technique for generating equivalent KHN Circuits using genetic algorithm with nullor and mirror elements. The goal is to generate equivalent KHN circuits using Second Generation Current Conveyor (CCII) as well as equivalent Trans-conductance Amplifier (TA) circuits. This methodology generates 32 different KHN-CCII circuits for type A and type B. Moreover, it generates 64 KHN-TA circuits for each type. The frequency response of one of the generated KHN circuits are compared to the conventional op-amp one using PSPICE and it is proved that the generated circuits have superior performance. It is worth noting that the great advantage of the proposed GA technique is to get all realizable solutions programmatically and it is a universal technique that can be applied on any filter.