A novel Kronecker-based stochastic model for massive MIMO channels

This paper proposes a novel Kronecker-based stochastic model (KBSM) for massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels. The proposed KBSM can not only capture antenna correlations but also the evolution of scatterer sets on the array axis. With the consideration of the evolution of scatterer sets, the overall correlation matrices of the transmitter and receiver are presented. In addition, upper and lower bounds of MIMO channel capacities in both the high and low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regimes are derived when the numbers of transmit and receive antennas are increasing unboundedly with a constant ratio. Furthermore, the evolution of scatterer sets on the array axis is shown to decrease spatial correlations of MIMO channels.