Modeling a smart grid using objects interaction

Nowadays the expansion of technology is leading to the development of a new electrical power system, called smart grid. It combines traditional electrical grid, emerging communication technologies, new electric devices, such as smart devices, and renewable energy sources to satisfy the ever increasing energy demand. The power flow is seen as an energy plan defining the way power is transmitted from producers to end users. The power grid is making its way to a smart electrical power system by the combination of power and communication networks. In the future, smart grid will see an increased integration of applications and information technologies that contribute to the operation, the planning and the control of the power system. These applications should extensively be tested and examined before their implementation in real power grid to avoid costly and risky operations. Therefore, models and tools can be used to conduct studies and evaluation of the behaviors and the performances of such applications. In this paper, we propose a model of smart grid, using classes, entities and relations, to define the interactions between the different objects involved in energy management and those contributing to the transmission of energy. We used this model to highlight the role of the storage units in a microgrid. Indeed, the study of energy plan involves the introduction of energy storage units (e.g. batteries); the objective is to avoid fluctuations caused by renewable energies (e.g. wind/solar energy) during generation and supply. Simulations show the effect of energy storage units and their role in providing grid stabilization and power quality.