Synthesis of microwave structures

Now, with the wide spread of CAD, a designer has an opportunity to skip some intermediate steps in the circuit representation and directly proceed drawing the microwave topology on the computer screen; simulate and view the characteristics of the unit. Such popular design packages as Serenade ADS and others are known to be very effective and powerful tools allowing a. designer a very convenient interface for drawing and editing the structure of the designed device that often includes various circuits components like microstrip line section, step width, open stub, Lange coupler and others. Such packages as HFSS, Microwave Office (MWO) and EMPower operate in a similar manner. Their main difference, in addition to the increased accuracy of electromagnetic simulation, is the possibility of realizing new element models that are not included in the available libraries of elements. These are some types of branches and other complex structures, in which allocation of the separated pieces of lines, stubs, etc. is problematic or even impossible. These structures are created from various primitives (rectangular box, cylinder, sphere, cone), or elements like helix, waveguide junction, and so on. Working with the MWO and EMPower packages a designer creates the model configuration as it is, and is not limited by the choice of elements that can be treated as separated blocks