Survey on crowd behaviour evacuation modelling during emergency event

In the event of natural disasters, catastrophes or war, efficient tools are needed to produce evacuation plans to evacuate the crowd safely. Disaster is an unplanned situation that can happen anywhere and anytime. The worst case is when disasters happen on large gatherings which can increase risk of death during egress evacuation. When an emergency arises, crowds will evacuate to the nearest exit they know of. There are many risks involved during an emergency when it is unplanned. Research on crowd evacuation pay less attention to the realism of crowd behavioural factors which influence the evacuation result. As such this has prompted a novel crowd evacuation model as a potential solution for realistic crowd behavioural evacuation modelling through a combination of crowd behaviour, evacuation planning and path finding.