Generalization of the Fourier domain watermarking to the space/spatial-frequency domain

A generalization of the Fourier domain watermarking is proposed. It has been done using joint space/spatial-frequency analysis and projections of the Wigner distribution, the two-dimensional Radon-Wigner distribution. A simple and numerically efficient algorithm for watermark embedding and detection is presented. The theory is tested on several test images with various attacks, including filtering, cropping, histogram stretching.