Large multi-stage OXC

A single layer planar multi-stage OXC architecture, based on strictly non-blocking Clos (1953) network is described. A pseudo 3D OXC architecture is also proposed and both, single-layer and pseudo 3D architectures are analysed and compared with full-matrix OXC with regard to the insertion loss and OXC reliability. A multi-stage rearrangeable non-blocking (RNB) architecture is also analysed and compared with a strictly non-blocking architecture.