The LSO/APD array as a possible detector for in-beam PET in hadron therapy

We have studied the performance of finger-like LSO:Ce (LSO) crystals coupled one by one to pixels of avalanche photodiode detector (APD) arrays during their operation in coincidence at /sup 12/C ion beams of parameters being typical for tumor irradiations. In a first step of these experiments the parameters of the detectors and the signal processing setup have been characterized off-beam, i.e., by means of /spl beta//sup +/ radioactive sources (/sup 22/Na, /sup 68/Ge). Afterwards, the apparatus was installed at the medical beam line of the heavy ion synchrotron (SIS) of the Gesellschaft fu/spl uml/r Schwerionenforschung (GSI) at Darmstadt, Germany. Here the /spl beta//sup +/ activity produced by nuclear fragmentation reactions of /sup 12/C 200.3 AMeV heavy ion beams with polymerized methyl methacrylate phantoms were measured. Furthermore, a /sup 68/Ge source was included into the in-beam experiment, in order to check the stability of the setup and to compare energy and time resolution before, during, and after the phantom irradiations. Additionally, it could be demonstrated by means of high resolution /spl gamma/-ray spectroscopy that LSO is not activated by the light projectile fragments escaping the patients downbeam during therapeutic irradiations The experimental results indicate that LSO scintillator is a suitable material for in-beam positron emission tomography (PET) and, furthermore, the LSO/APD array is a feasible detector concept for in-beam monitoring of the dose application by means of PET.