Piezoelectrically actuated flextensional MUTs

This paper presents novel micromachined two-dimensional array piezoelectrically actuated flextensional transducers that can be used to generate sound in air or water. Micromachining techniques to fabricate these devices are also presented. Individual unimorph array elements consist of a thin piezoelectric annular disk and a thin, fully clamped, circular plate. We manufacture the transducer in two-dimensional arrays using planar silicon micromachining and demonstrate ultrasound transmission in air at 2.85 MHz with 0.15 μm/V peak displacement. The devices have a range of operating resonance frequencies starting from 450 kHz up to 4.5 MHz. Such an array could be combined with on-board driving and addressing circuitry for different applications. Classical thin plate theory and Mindlin plate theory are applied to derive two-dimensional plate equations for the transducer, and to calculate the coupled electromechanical field variables such as mechanical displacement and electrical input impedance. In these methods, the variations across the thickness direction vanish by using the bending moments per unit length or stress resultants. Thus, two-dimensional plate equations for a step-wise laminated circular plate are obtained as well as two different solutions to the corresponding systems. An equivalent circuit of the transducer is also obtained from these solutions