Nonuniformity correction factors for maximum mesh- and step-voltages of ground grids and combined ground electrodes

Correction factors for calculating maximum mesh and step voltages associated with grid and combined grid-multiple rod ground electrodes are defined and calculated for a wide set of ground electrodes and various two-layer soil structures. The results obtained are presented as graphs appropriate for a straightforward practical application. Empirical expressions for correction factors matching well with the calculated data are also proposed providing an insight in the most effective ground electrode parameters which might be important in the design process.