Pulse Energy Probability Density Functions for Long-Haul Optical Fiber Transmission Systems by Using Instantons and Edgeworth Expansion

In this work, we use a new approach to model pulse energy in long-haul optical fiber transmission systems. Existing approaches for obtaining probability density functions (pdfs) rely on numerical simulations or analytical approximations. Numerical simulations make far tails of the pdfs difficult to obtain, while analytical approximations are often inaccurate, as they neglect nonlinear interaction between pulses and noise. Our approach combines the instanton method from statistical mechanics to model far tails of the pdfs, with numerical simulations to refine the middle part of the pdfs. We combine the two methods by using an orthogonal polynomial expansion constructed specifically for this problem. We demonstrate the approach on an example of a specific submarine transmission system.