A Novel Method for the Measurement of Power, Power Factor, rms, and Average Values of Voltage and Current of Distorted Power Frequency Waves

From input voltage and current signals, by time-division technique, two normalized binary signals containing information only about shapes and phases, are obtained. By passing these signals through an EXCLUSIVE-OR gate, a binary signal is formed, from which a power factor as a dc voltage or as digital data can be extracted. The same instrument may be used for measurement of average voltage or true rms value, power, and energy, as well as some other quantities, e.g., Pav/Urms or ratios like Iav/Irms.