Neurological applications of quantitative diffusion tensor imaging

Diffusion tensor imaging an emerging MR imaging modality which has started to be used in clinical setting. Here, we are describing use of quantitative DTI in diagnosis of upper motor neuron diseases: amyotropic lateral sclerosis and primary lateral sclerosis. Upper motor neuron diseases are difficult to diagnose using imaging means. Currently, diagnosis is usually one of exclusion requiring careful clinical examination and series of tests to rule out diseases that may mimic upper motor neuron diseases. Upper motor neuron diseases present with progressive degeneration of corticospinal tract. The relentless disease progression ultimately leads to severe spastic spinobulbar paresis. Since diffusion tensor imaging is sensitive to the changes in tissue microstructure, it is an ideal tool to use in diagnosis of upper motor neuron diseases where the damage in corticospinal tract is microscopic.