Hemodynamics with total energy

The arterial vessel is considered together with the blood as a whole system. Taking all the potential energies into account, the system is subjected not only to the pressure gradient force but also to the elastic forces arising from the longitudinal stretching and the circumferential stretching. It is the longitudinal stretching force that takes the whole arterial system together, and makes the energy traveling from one Windkessel unit to the adjacent Windkessel unit.