DocumentCode :
3888
Title :
The Efficacy, Safety, Stability, and Mechanism of Tooth Whitening by a Cold Atmospheric Pressure Air Plasma Microjet Assisted With or Without Hydrogen Peroxide
Author :
Guomin Wang ; Guopin Ye ; XiaoHui Yang ; Hong Pan ; Ke Sun ; Jue Zhang ; Jie Pan ; Jing Fang
Author_Institution :
Acad. for Adv. Interdiscipl. Studies, Peking Univ., Beijing, China
Volume :
42
Issue :
6
fYear :
2014
fDate :
Jun-14
Firstpage :
1623
Lastpage :
1628
Abstract :
The aim of this paper was to assess the effectiveness, safety, stability, and mechanism of tooth whitening using a direct current cold atmospheric pressure air plasma microjet (PMJ) with the assistance of whitening gels (blank or containing 3% H2O2). The results were compared with those obtained from teeth treated with blank gel only and with gel containing 35% H2O2 in a cold light bleaching system. Tooth whitening effectiveness right after various treatments as well as 18 months after treatment was evaluated via CIELAB colorimetry. Type K thermocouple, scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscopy were employed to study the temperature of pulp chamber, tooth surface morphology, and elemental composition of enamel surface, respectively. Teeth in the plasma groups were effectively whitened in 5 min, though no significant difference was observed between the two plasma groups. Pulp chamber temperature was shown to remain below 35 °C. Morphological and surface elemental analysis showed similar changes to tooth enamel in the plasma groups and in the cold light group. These observations suggested that PMJ with blank gel was more effective for tooth whitening with acceptable safety and good stability. Optical emission spectroscopy results revealed that reactive oxygen species, such as O, ·OH, and NO, in plasma may play a dominant role in the process of plasma tooth whitening.
Keywords :
X-ray chemical analysis; atmospheric pressure; biochemistry; colorimetry; dentistry; enamels; gels; hydrogen compounds; patient treatment; plasma jets; scanning electron microscopy; surface morphology; thermocouples; CIELAB colorimetry; H2O2; cold atmospheric pressure air plasma microjet; cold light group; elemental composition; enamel surface; energy dispersive spectroscopy; hydrogen peroxide; optical emission spectroscopy; patient treatment; plasma groups; plasma tooth whitening; pulp chamber temperature; reactive oxygen species; scanning electron microscopy; surface elemental analysis; surface morphological analysis; tooth whitening efficacy; tooth whitening mechanism; tooth whitening safety; tooth whitening stability; type-K thermocouple; whitening gels; Bleaching; Plasma temperature; Safety; Surface morphology; Surface treatment; Teeth; Cold plasma; optical emission spectroscopy (OES); safety; stability; tooth whitening; tooth whitening.;
fLanguage :
English
Journal_Title :
Plasma Science, IEEE Transactions on
Publisher :
ieee
ISSN :
0093-3813
Type :
jour
DOI :
10.1109/TPS.2014.2320992
Filename :
6814907
Link To Document :
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