Scalable layered multicast with explicit congestion notification

Many layered multicast (LM) congestion control schemes have been proposed to serve different users with heterogeneous bandwidth requirements. Most of the LM algorithms suffer from a large Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) leave latency and a sudden rate increase. Layered Increase/Decrease with Dynamic Layering (FLID-DL) was introduced to address these challenges. Nevertheless, FLID-DL can neither provide very good bandwidth fairness with TCP nor work well in the wireless environment with link loss. We propose the Extended FLID-DL (E-FLID-DL), by incorporating explicit congestion notification (ECN) into FLID-DL, to address these issues. E-FLID-DL not only improves bandwidth fairness with TCP, but also provides high throughput in a lossy network environment.