Title :
Using a test-to-speech synthesizer to generate a reverse Turing test
Author_Institution :
Dept. of Math., City Univ. of Hong Kong, China
Abstract :
Recognition of synthesized speech by a diphone synthesizer is thought to be easy for a machine due to the small variation of the synthesized speech. In this paper, we report the recognition rate of synthesized utterances in a noisy environment. Our experiments show that the performance of a HMM recognizer is not too bad even in the presence of background noise. These recognition results nearly approach the performance of a human. Thus, although there seems to be a gap in the ability of understanding synthesized speech with background noise between humans and computers, our results discourage using this gap to build an audio-based CAPTCHA (completely automated public Turing test to tell computers and humans apart) (i.e., a reverse Turing test which can tell computers and humans apart). Moreover, we explored the possible use of a classification and regression tree to control the hardness of our CAPTCHA.
Keywords :
Turing machines; speech recognition; speech synthesis; HMM recognizer; audio-based CAPTCHA; automated public Turing test; classification tree; diphone synthesizer; noisy environment; recognition rate; regression tree; reverse Turing test; synthesized utterances; text-to-speech synthesizer; Automatic testing; Background noise; Classification tree analysis; Hidden Markov models; Humans; Speech enhancement; Speech recognition; Speech synthesis; Synthesizers; Working environment noise;
Conference_Titel :
Tools with Artificial Intelligence, 2003. Proceedings. 15th IEEE International Conference on
Print_ISBN :
0-7695-2038-3
DOI :
10.1109/TAI.2003.1250195