Comparison of CDMA and modulation schemes for UWB radio in a multipath environment

This paper investigates three different performance metrics for three candidate combinations of multiple access and modulation schemes in ultra wideband radio. The schemes are compared for a single user, multipath channel at a fixed data rate. First, semianalytic expressions are developed for the probability of error with arbitrary multiple-access coding and amplitude or pulse position modulation, which are then reduced for the special cases of time hopped with bit flipping modulation, time hopped with pulse-position modulation and direct sequence with bit flipping modulation. Using Monte-Carlo simulation the bit error rate, probability of outage and probability of best performance are found. The results show that the bit flipped schemes have a consistently lower average bit error rate and outage probabilities and the direct sequence, bit flipped, scheme has highest probability of outperforming both other schemes. In addition, the effect of multipath arrival clustering in channel models was examined and it was found that the same performance curves could be generated with nonclustered arrivals, and hence channel models with nonclustered arrivals can safely be used in performance prediction.