Title :
Coordinating Storage and Demand Response for Microgrid Emergency Operation
Author :
Gouveia, C. ; Moreira, J. ; Moreira, C.L. ; Pecas Lopes, J.A.
Author_Institution :
INESC TEC-INESC Technol. & Sci. (formerly INESC Porto), Porto, Portugal
Abstract :
Microgrids are assumed to be established at the low voltage distribution level, where distributed energy sources, storage devices, controllable loads and electric vehicles are integrated in the system and need to be properly managed. The microgrid system is a flexible cell that can be operated connected to the main power network or autonomously, in a controlled and coordinated way. The use of storage devices in microgrids is related to the provision of some form of energy buffering during autonomous operating conditions, in order to balance load and generation. However, frequency variations and limited storage capacity might compromise microgrid autonomous operation. In order to improve microgrid resilience in the moments subsequent to islanding, this paper presents innovative functionalities to run online, which are able to manage microgrid storage considering the integration of electric vehicles and load responsiveness. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithms is validated through extensive numerical simulations.
Keywords :
demand side management; distributed power generation; electric vehicles; load regulation; voltage distribution; demand response; distributed energy sources; electric vehicle; energy buffering; energy storage; frequency variation; islanding; load balancing; low voltage distribution level; microgrid autonomous operation; microgrid emergency operation; power network; Control systems; Frequency control; Frequency measurement; Inverters; Load management; Microgrids; Power system stability; Demand response; MicroGrid; electrical vehicles; energy storage; islanding operation; vehicle-to-grid;
Journal_Title :
Smart Grid, IEEE Transactions on
DOI :
10.1109/TSG.2013.2257895