Congestion due to reactive power: cost allocation

This work focuses on the study of two types of congestion, the first due to generation reactive power limits and the second due to transmission line power flow limits. A methodology to allocate the congestion cost among buses of a power pool is proposed, which combines cooperative game theory and nonlinear optimal power flow (OPF). Nodal factors are computed by integrating Lagrange and dual multipliers obtained from the OPF solution, which indicate the participation of each bus in the congestion cost. In addition, it is shown how to use integrated dual multipliers to determine the component of the generation cost specifically related to congestion, attributed to each power network participant.