Two-dimensional signaling in Ricean fading with imperfect channel estimation

The analytical framework reported in X. Dong et al. (May 2003) for calculating the symbol error rate (SER) of two-dimensional (2-D) signaling in Rayleigh fading with channel estimation errors is further developed to address the more general case of frequency-flat Ricean fading. We show that in the presence of channel estimation errors, the SER of arbitrary 2-D signaling with polygonal decision regions in Ricean fading can be expressed as a two-fold proper integral with finite integration limits, which is suitable for numerical evaluation. Moreover, this new analysis is general in the sense that it is applicable to any channel estimation scheme where the estimated and the actual channel gains are jointly complex-Gaussian. The effect of static channel estimation errors and dynamic channel estimation errors introduced by pilot symbol assisted modulation (PSAM) and minimum mean square error (MMSE) channel estimations are studied using the newly derived SER formula. The effect of Doppler frequency shift in the line-of-sight (LOS) component of the channel on the error performance is investigated in our analysis. The analytical and numerical results presented in this work provide a useful tool on choosing suitable signaling formats and optimizing parameters in the communication system design.