Risk and “N-1” Criteria Coordination for Real-Time Operations

This letter describes a new perspective on coordinating system “N-1” criteria and risk for real-time operations, where risk is modeled to capture the system´s overall security level. A risk-based security-constrained optimal power flow (RB-SCOPF), considering “N-1” criteria and risk together, is compared with the traditional SCOPF. The IEEE 30-bus system is tested to illustrate the coordination between risk and “N-1” criteria in RB-SCOPF.