A Multilayered Metamaterial-Inspired Miniaturized Dynamically Tunable Antenna

A multilayered metamaterial-inspired antenna with a pixel grid loading structure is introduced. The antenna consists of two patterned metal layers separated by a thin dielectric film. The first layer contains a folded monopole antenna surrounded by a metal pixel-based loading structure, whereas the second layer consists of a photoconductive pixel grid utilized to tune the antenna. Appropriate pixel configurations to produce a desired performance are implemented in simulation using a binary genetic algorithm (GA) and a MATLAB-HFSS (high-frequency simulation software) interface. HFSS simulations show that the antenna can be tuned over a wide frequency range by appropriate choice of pixel states on the second layer, using a variety of conductivities. As a proof of concept, the pixel grid on the second layer is initially made of a metal conductor. Multiple antenna configurations corresponding to a wide frequency range are constructed using a multilayer fabrication method. The measured reflection coefficients and radiation patterns are shown to be in good agreement with HFSS simulations, successfully demonstrating the ability to tune the antenna using the pixel grid on the second layer.