PHEV Utilization Model Considering Type-of-Trip and Recharging Flexibility

Electric vehicles (EVs) may soon enter the vehicle market in large numbers and change the overall fuel usage within the passenger transport sector. With increased variable consumption from EVs together with anticipated increased production from variable sources, due to renewable wind and solar power, also the balancing of the electric power system incur increased attention. This emphasizes the importance of developing models to estimate and investigate the stochasticity of personal car travel behavior and induced EV charging load. Several studies have been made in order to model the stochasticity of passenger car travel behavior but none have captured the charging behavior dependence of the type-of-trip conducted. This paper proposes a new model for plug-in-hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) utilization and recharging price sensitivity, to determine charging load profiles based on driving patterns due to the type-of-trip and corresponding charging need. This approach makes it possible to relate the type-of-trip with the consumption level, the parking location, and the charging opportunity. The proposed model is applied in a case study using Swedish car travel data. The results show the charging load impact and variation due to the stochastic PHEV type-of-trip mobility, allowing quantification of the PHEV charging impact on the system.