Stability theory for nonnegative and compartmental dynamical systems with time delay

Nonnegative and compartmental dynamical system models are derived from mass and energy balance considerations and involve the exchange of nonnegative quantities between subsystems or compartments. These models are widespread in biological and physical sciences and play a key role in understanding these processes. A key physical limitation of such systems is that transfers between compartments is not instantaneous and realistic models for capturing the dynamics of such systems should account for material in transit between compartments. We present necessary and sufficient conditions for stability of nonnegative and compartmental dynamical systems with time delay. Specifically, asymptotic stability conditions for linear and nonlinear as well as continuous-time and discrete-time nonnegative dynamical systems with time delay are established using linear Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals.