A modified covariance-based velocity estimation method for Rician fading channel

In wireless mobile communication systems, the mobile velocity or, equivalently, the maximum Doppler frequency, is very useful information to optimize the system performance. A novel velocity estimation method, based on the autocovariance of the received signal and that of the squared envelope, is proposed. The proposed estimator provides unbiased characteristics. Moreover, the proposed method does not need any other channel information such as Rician factor and angle of arrival (AoA). The performance of the proposed estimator is verified by tracking simulation in realistic cellular mobile communication scenarios.