Frown gives game away: affect sensitive systems for elementary mathematics

An important factor in the success of human one-to-one tutoring is the tutor´s ability to identify and respond to affective cues. However, current intelligent tutoring systems model students solely on their cognitive, and not affective, state. Automated facial expression analysis makes it possible for computers to identify affective cues by analysing images of learners´ facial expressions. A new generation of intelligent tutoring systems, affective tutoring systems, is being developed at Massey University in New Zealand. An important component of this system is a facial expression analysis component that was implemented using a fuzzy approach. This fuzzy facial expression analysis approach and future directions are discussed in this paper